Pencarian & Filter E-Book
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Pavement Engineering and Waste Materials - Waste and Waste Management
Kategori: Pavement Material/Bahan PerkerasanPavement Material/Bahan Perkerasan
Constructing roads that meet operational standards is required to
optimise their function as a public service. To this end, utilising recycledmaterials in pavement construction is beneficial. Such a practice canreduce the risk of urban flooding, transportation costs, as well as savenatural resources. Tests on the addition of several recycled mixtures toasphalt pavement were conducted in the current study to determine theperformance of the pavement. These mixtures included tyre-derived -
Nanotechnology in Eco-Efficient Construction
Kategori: Pavement Material/Bahan PerkerasanPavement Material/Bahan Perkerasan
This chapter provides a brief overview of some important
aspects of nanotechnology starting with its earlier steps and how
countries are trying to establish an advantageous position in this ? eld.
China deserves a special mention because it is already the second largest
producer of nanotechnology papers after the United States. The need for
nanotechnology in the construction sector is emphasized. An outline of
the book is given. -
Multi-scale Reliability and Serviceability Assessment of In-service Long-span Bridges
Kategori: Bridge/Jembatan
A large number of long-span bridges are under construction or have been constructed all over the world. The steady increase in traffic volume and gross vehicle weight has caused a threat to the serviceability or even safety of in-service bridges. Therefore, ensuring the safety and serviceability of these bridges has become a growing concern. In particular, long-span suspension bridges support heavy traffic volumes and experience considerable wind loads on the bridge deck on a regular basis. Excessive dynamic responses may cause large deformation and undesirable vibration of the stiffening girders. In practice, a bridge suffers from multiple types of loadings in the lifecycle.
In this book, a multiscale reliability method is presented for the safety assessment of long-span bridges. The multiscale failure condition of stiffness girders is the first-passage criteria for the large-scale model and the fatigue damage criteria for the small-scale model. It is the objective of this book to provide a more in-depth understanding of the vehicle-bridge interaction from the random vibration perspective.
This book is suitable for adoption as a textbook or a reference book in an advanced structural reliability analysis course. Furthermore, this book also provides a theoretical foundation for better understanding of the safety assessment, operation management, maintenance and reinforcement for long-span bridges and motivates further research and development for more advanced reliability and serviceability assessment techniques for long-span bridges. -
Metaheuristic Applications in Structures and Infrastructures
Kategori: Bridge/Jembatan
In metaheuristic algorithms, meta- means “beyond” or “higher level.” They generally
perform better than simple heuristics. All metaheuristic algorithms use some
trade-off of local search and global exploration. The variety of solutions is often
realized via randomization. Despite the popularity of metaheuristics, there is no
agreed upon definition of heuristics and metaheuristics in the literature. Some
researchers use “heuristics” and “metaheuristics” interchangeably. However, the
recent trend tends to name all stochastic algorithms with randomization and global
exploration as metaheuristic. Randomization provides a good way to move away
from local search to the search on the global scale. Therefore, almost all metaheuristic
algorithms are usually suitable for nonlinear modeling and global optimization.
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Historic Covered Bridge Security - Transportation Infrastructure - Roads, Highways, Bridges, Airports and Mass Transit
Kategori: Bridge/Jembatan
The design, construction, and use of covered timber bridges is all but
a lost art in these days of pre-stressed concrete, high-performance steel,
and the significant growth both in the volume and size of vehicles.
Furthermore, many of the existing covered timber bridges are preserved
only because of their status on the National Registry of Historic Places or
the diligent maintenance and care of the owners of these structures, or
both. Of the covered timber bridges that remain in the United States, only
a small percentage still stand today because of arson, vandalism, neglect,
natural disasters, and other factors. The objective of this work is to
provide covered timber bridge owners with the tools to quickly and
efficiently design and implement a security system to protect these
important historical landmarks. This goal was obtained with an in-depth
analysis of equipment based on the practicality in a covered bridge
application. Other major considerations required for all equipment to
work efficiently within a security system are also fully discussed,
including, but not limited to, maintenance, power requirements, and
general set-up of an integrated security system. A comprehensive case -
Crossing the Hudson: Historic Bridges and Tunnels of the River
Kategori: Bridge/Jembatan
Bridges and tunnels are in some ways like great monuments. They
have the same high visibility and inherent permanence that demand
exhaustive public scrutiny and deliberation before they can be built,
and like them, they develop histories of their own that say a good deal about
why they were built, how they were built, where they were built, and about
who built them.
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Highway Bridge Replacement: Processes, Techniques, and Advancements
Kategori: Bridge/Jembatan
It is widely acknowledged that there is an increasing problem in
maintenance of the American civil infrastructure. Highways, bridges, sewers,
railroads, harbors, and public buildings built in the 1950s and 1960s are
wearing out, while inflation-adjusted federal spending on infrastructure has
fallen. The current situation, with respect to highway bridge maintenance is, in
fact, so severe that many states cannot afford the cost of replacement, so they
are focusing only on the most severe cases. Recently, rapid assessment, repair,
and replacement of damaged highway bridges, after extreme events, have
received close attention from government agencies, engineering and
construction communities, and the public. This book presents the complicated
undertaking of highway bridge replacement in an easy-to-read format.
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Asphaltenes: Fundamentals, Applications and Future Developments
Kategori: Pavement Material/Bahan PerkerasanPavement Material/Bahan Perkerasan
Asphaltenes are non-crystalline, brittle, and black solids. At high
temperatures they can polymerize, and convert into coke or asphaltic residue.
As they do not show a fixed boiling point temperature, it impossible to
measure their enthalpy of vaporization by direct means. This book provides
current research on the fundamentals, applications and future developments of
asphaltenes. Chapter One presents an overview of the main properties of the
crude oil (crude) asphaltenes, the problems that these dimly-understood
solubility class of chemical compounds may create during the production,
transportation and refining processes, and the recent efforts that have been
made to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular
architecture and aggregation mechanisms presented by these compounds.
Chapter Two examines asphaltenes and crude oil fouling. Chapter Three
reviews thermal degradation of asphaltene by Micro Scale Sealed Vessel
(MSSV) pyrolysis. Chapter Four aims to develop magnetite-silica
nanoparticles with a core-shell structure to inhibit the formation damage
caused by asphaltenes. Chapter Five evaluates surface changes in CAP 30/45
(asphalt cement, penetration grade 30/45) and paraffin films obtained through
spin coating and aged by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Chapter Six investigates
the factors that affect the breakthrough time process of CO2 injection, using a
2D mathematical model for immiscible injection of carbon dioxide which was
developed in formation of Ilam in one of the oil fields of Southwest of Iran.
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Federal and State Environmental Reviews of Highway Projects: Comparison of Requirements
Kategori: Pavement/Perkerasan
Three factors project funding sources and project characteristics, and
whether a state allows the adoption of federal review documents generally
determine whether a highway project needs a federal environmental review
under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) or a state environmental
review under state law, or both. This book focuses on environmental reviews
of highway projects in states with SEPAs and addresses factors determining
whether federal or state environmental reviews are required; how state and
federal review requirements compare; and the extent of any duplication in
federal and state reviews, including frequency and cost. This book also
discusses the role of the environmental review process in federally funded
highway projects.