PENGARUH KANDUNGAN BASA NITROGEN TERHADAP SIFAT REOLOGI ASPAL (THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN-BASES CONTENT ON REOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ASPHALT)
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Abstract
ABSTRAK
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Pada umumnya aspal terdiri dari berbagai jenis senyawa hidrokarbon yang diantaranya jenis basa nitrogen. Menurut Rostler (1959)senyawa basa nitrogen ini adalah bagian dari aspal yang larut dalam pelarut parafin normal dengan berat molekul ringan seperti normal pentana (n-pentana) tetapi menjadi tidak larut setelah ditambahkan ke dalam larutan tersebut larutan asam sulfat 85%. Kandungan basa nitrogen dalam aspal sangat penting karena berfungsi sebagai bahan anti pengelupasan (anti-stripping agent) yang meningkatkan daya lekat aspal pada agregat. Tetapi, menurut Boyer (2000) dan Petersen (2009) basa nitrogen adalah senyawa komponen aspal yang memiliki kereaktifan tinggi sehingga mudah mengalami penuaan. Untuk lebih memahami fenomena ini maka pada tulisan ini akan disampaikan hasil kajian pengaruh senyawa basa nitrogen terhadap sifat reologi aspal termasuk sifat reologi setelah mengalami penuaan. Berdasarkan analisis kimia metode Rostler, senyawa basa nitrogen tidak dapat diekstrak dalam keadaan utuh. Oleh karena itu, pengakajian terhadap pengaruh senyawa basa nitrogen dilakukan dengan cara menghitung perbedaan pengaruh antara pengaruh malten (bagian aspal yang berbentuk cair dan masih mengandung senyawa basa nitrogen) dengan pengaruh malten yang sudah direaksikan dengan asam sulfat 85% (untuk menghilangkan senyawa basa nitrogen) terhadap sifat reologi aspal. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa makin tinggi kandungan basa nitrogen maka sifat reologi aspal asli dan setelah penuaan jangka pendek akan makin rendah, namun sifat reologi aspal setelah penuaan jangka panjang lebih tinggi dari sifat reologi aspal asli dan setelah penuaan jangka pendek.Impikasinya apa?
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Kata kunci:Basa nitrogen, Aspal, Reologi, penuaan jangka pendek, penuaan jangka panjang.
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ABSTRACT
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Commonly, asphalt consists of various types of hydrocarbon molecules including nitrogen base.According to Rostler, nitrogen bases is a part of bitumen that soluble in low molecular weight of normal paraffins but insoluble after treated by 85% sulfuric acid. This part is very important because it can act as a bitumen anti striping to increase the bitumen adhesion. However, nitrogen bases is a bitumen component of highly reactive resins (Boyer, 2000; Petersen, 2009). It is easy to age. This paper presents the investigation of the effect of nitrogen bases component on bitumen rheology and ageing. The effect of nitrogen bases was calculated from the difference of the effect of extracted malthenes which consisted of nitrogen bases with the effect of extracted malthenes which the nitrogen bases was removed. The results showed that increasing nitrogen bases reduced the rheology of non-aged and short-term aged bitumen. However, after long-term aged the bitumen rheology became higher than non-aged and short-term aged conditions.
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Keywords: Nitrogen Bases, Asphalt, Rheology, Short-term aging, Long-term aging.
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