For the commuter traveling between Pretoria and Johannesburg, the name "Ben Schoeman" nowadays has become synonymous with traffic congestion and delays. Towards the end of the previous century, the Ben Schoeman was already the busiest road on the African continent with the Average Annual Daily Traffic on some road sections close to 150 000. For the South African Civil Engineer, however, t…
Post-tensioning of concrete requires the introduction of large, concentrated tendon forces into structures. To appreciate the magnitude of these forces, consider a typical bridge tendon with 19-152 mm (0.6 in.) strands. The jacking force for such a tendon may reach close to 4,000 kN (900 kips). This is equivalent to the weight of twelve HS 20-44 trucks Often several long tendons are anchored in…
Abstract: The composite inverted T-slab bridge system provides an accelerated bridge construction alternative for short- to medium-span bridges with spans ranging from 6.1 to 20 m. The system consists of adjacent precast inverted T-slabs with a cast-in-place (CIP) concrete topping. Such a composite bridge system offers a shallow superstructure depth ideal for sites with stringent vertical cle…
the purpose of this handbook is to provide a reference book of principles, processes and data for those interested in the application of technology to highway transportation . The 1950 to 1970 peroid produced significant changes in highway engineering. The advant of the modern toll roads and interstate highway programs produced new demands upon enginners responsible for planning, design, constr…
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