EFEKTIFITAS REDUKSI POLUSI UDARA DENGAN METODE VERTICAL GARDEN (THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AIR POLLUTION REDUCTION WITH VERTICAL GARDEN METHOD)
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Abstract
ABSTRAK
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Kontribusi gas buang kendaraan bermotor sebagai sumber polusi udara di kota-kota besar mencapai 60-70%, sedangkan dari cerobong asap industri berkisar 10-15%. Sisanya berasal dari sumber pembakaran lain, misalnya dari rumah tangga, pembakaran sampah, atau kebakaran hutan. Kendaraan bermotor menghasilkan pencemaran gas buang karbon monoksida (CO), Nitrogen oksida (NOx), Sulphur Dioksida (SO2), hidrokarbon (HC) dan tetraethyl lead. Salah satu cara untuk mengatasi masalah pencemaran udara di perkotaan dengan lahan sempit, ialah dengan penanaman tanaman jalan model vertical garden. Vertical garden merupakan usaha pertamanan dengan memanfaatkan potensi ketinggian dan lahan semaksimal mungkin, sehingga jumlah tanaman persatuan luas lebih banyak. Tujuan penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk mengkaji efektifitas reduksi polutan NOx oleh tanaman semak dengan metoda vertical garden pada median jalan. Metoda yang digunakan ialah kajian literatur yang meliputi: reduksi polutan NOx oleh tanaman semak, kajian vertical garden, serta kajian lapangan tentang bentuk, ukuran dan tata letak vertical garden. Hasil kajian menunjukkan jenis tanaman Taiwan Beauty, Kingkip dan Pacing merupakan tanaman yang paling efektif mereduksi NOx. Tanaman Taiwan beauty dapat mengurangi polutan NOx sebesar 48,5 %Â sampai 65,2 % pada konsentrasi NOX eksisting 0,05 ppm sampai 0,1 ppm. Untuk volume ruang 6.150 m3 diperlukan 15,375 m3 tanaman dengan metoda vertical garden. Apabila bentuk yang dipilih adalah segi empat, dengan ukuran lebar= 1,50 m, tinggi= 1,50 m dan ketebalan= 0,60 m, maka pada median sepanjang 100 m, diperlukan 12 buah rangka vertical garden.
Kata kunci: vertical garden, tanaman semak, polusi udara, NOx, kendaraan bermotor
ABSTRACT
In major cities, vehicle emission contribution to air pollution reached 60-70%, while industrial pollution is only 10-15%, the rest  comes from other combustion sources, such as domestic/household activities, waste burning, forest fires, etc. Motor vehicles generated Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Hydrocarbon (HC) and tetraethyl lead. One of the solutions that can be taken to cope with the urban air pollution problem in narrow areas is road greening using vertical garden method. Vertical garden is a way of maximising the use of land with  vegetation, by utilising the potentials of heights, hence the number of crops per unit area is much  higher. The study aims to review the effectiveness of NOx pollutant reduction by shrubs on road median by the method of vertical garden. The methods used include: the literature review of pollutant NOx reduction by shrubs and vertical garden, and also conducted field study of vertical garden on shape, size and layout. The results showed that Taiwan Beauty, Serissa Foetida (Kingkip) and Costum Molartianus (Pacing) are the most effective plants to reduce Nox. Taiwan beauty can reduce air pollution  ranging from 48.5 % to 65.2 % on the existing NOx concentration of 0.05 ppm to 0.1 ppm. At the space volume of 6,150 m3 requires 15.375 m3 plants with vertical garden method. If rectangular median with the width, height and thickess are 1.50 m, 1.50 m and 0.60 respectively, so that only 12 pieces of vertical garden frameworks are required.
Keywords: vertical garden, shrubs, air pollution, NOx, motor vehicle
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