The rapid urbanization experienced by developing cities has led to significant challenges in traffic management, including congestion, increased travel time, and higher accident rates. Traffic signals play a crucial role in regulating vehicle flow and enhancing road safety in urban areas. This study examines the effectiveness of traffic signal systems in developing cities, focusing on their implementation, operational challenges, and impact on traffic efficiency. Using a mixed-method approach that includes traffic flow analysis and case studies from selected cities, the research identifies common issues such as inadequate infrastructure, lack of synchronization, and limited maintenance resources. The findings suggest that while traffic signals can significantly improve intersection performance and reduce accidents, their effectiveness depends on proper design, regular maintenance, and integration with intelligent transportation systems. The study concludes by recommending adaptive signal control technologies and policy improvements to optimize traffic management in developing urban environments.

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