Specific gravity (SG) for aggregates, a measure of density relative to water, generally ranges from 2.5 to 3.0, indicating quality, with higher values suggesting stronger, denser material, crucial for concrete mix design and volume calculations. Testing involves weighing dry, saturated surface-dry (SSD), and submerged samples to find Bulk SG, Apparent SG, and water absorption (pores holding 1-2% for coarse, 3-5% for fine), using standards like ASTM C127/C128 for coarse/fine. Fine aggregates usually absorb more water (higher absorption %) than coarse aggregates, while their SG values are often similar but used for different design aspects.

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