Ground subsidence caused by tunneling is becoming a common problem in China due to rapid developing of underground space. Superstructures may crack and/or incline subjected to localized ground subsidence caused by tunneling. Ground subsidence would also induce breackage of buried pipelines which may even cause ground collapse due to pipe leakage. Mechanism of ground subsidence caused by tunneling in clay has been well understrood. Volume of setlement troughs in clay are widely accepted as a constant along the depth, which is equel to ground volume loss in the ground.

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