This paper investigates the use of a simple semi-empirical method for predicting the ground displacements caused by grouting operations. The method is based on the traditional semi-empirical method for predicting the three dimesional ground movements around tunnels. In the case of grouting operations, howeverm the grouting tubes are treated as very small tunnels and the grout injection as a negative ‘volume loss’, i.e. an expansion, based on the volume of grout injected.
Field measurements taken inside the Piccadilly Linetunnels at the Central Terminal Area (CTA) Stations in 1994 during the construction of the Concourse tunnel, for the Heatrow Airport Express, are used as an example to teset the method.
The paper explains the method and presents the results as applied to the grouting at Heathrow, examples of the settlement, rotation and distortions predictions of the Piccadilly Line tunnels made using the methods are compared to the actual measurements. The results show that the method has the potential to provide a reasonable first estimate of the likely effects of grouting on the surrounding ground and, in the case at Heathrow, the effects on an adjacent tunnel. The paper also investigation the sensitivity of the input parameters used in the method and discisses its limitations.
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