The state of practice in designing pavements in the United States is primarily based on empirical or simple mechanistic-empirical procedures. Even though a number of state and federal highway agencies perform resilient modulus tests, only few incorporate the results in the pavement design in a rational manner. A concentrated national effort is on the way to develop and implement mechanistic pavement design in all states. In this paper, recommendations are made in terms of the use of the resilient modulus as a function of the analysis algorithm selected and material models utilized. These recommendations are also influenced by the sensitivity of the critical pavement responses to the material models for typical flexible pavements. The inaccuracies in laboratory and field testing as well as the accuracy of the algorithms should be carefully considered to adopt a balance and reasonable design procedure