The final mode of equilibrium of a tunnel section results from an interplay among the stiffness of the support needed, the short and long-term mechanical properties of the excavated rock mass and the time-dependent stress redistribution induced by tunnlelling. For a temporary unsupported tunnel heading, submitted to s changing stress field induced by the face progress, the provisional stability, before support installastion, basically depends on the short-term behaviour of the surrounding rock mass.

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