Brownjohn, J.M.W Primary Author mixed material bibliography Taylor & Francis Group, 2012 id Indonesia

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Being among the most flexible of civil engineering structures, long span bridges deform both dynamically and quasi-statically under a range of operational conditions including wind, traffic and thermal loads, in varying patterns, with different timescales and at different amplitudes. While external loads and internal forces can only rarely be measured, there are well developed and emerging technologies for measuring deformation. It is well known that some of these technologies can be used to validate or improve numerical simulations, which can then be used to estimate the external loads and internal forces. Changes in response patterns and relationships can also be used directly as a diagnostic tool, signaling unusual loading or structural changes, but excessive deformations themselves are a concern in terms of serviceability and allowable operational limits (e.g. of vibration, and bearing movement). This paper discusses the challenges of deformation measurement and applications in structural identification, performance diagnosis and load estimation, including observations of response to the most extreme loads. BRIDGES 624.21(063) Perpustakaan Direktorat Bina Teknik Jalan dan Jembatan Direktorat Jenderal Bina Marga - Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum (NPP: 3273244A00000001) 0000020742 My Library 20019 machine generated