Surface characteristics of asphalt pavements unquestionably represent one of the most important factors influencing road safety and comfort. Recently, many studies on macrotexture have been made, focusing on characterizing asphalt pavement surfaces. Less frequently, the attention has been directed to the characterization of the actual process that generates the surface macrotexture. The paper shows the results of an investigation campaign aimed at analyzing the effects of different compaction techniques on macrotexture for different asphalt layers. The measures, acquired by means of the sand patch method, have been related to the compaction parameters, involving both machine settings and operating procedures. A comprehensive examination of the data reveals a significant influence of compaction parameters on surface characteristics, proving the direct dependence of macrotexture on construction operations. The relationships found for each asphalt mix represents a useful tool for predicting the value of macrotexture obtainable at the end of a compaction procedure.