Research has been conducted on behalf of the Highways Agency to develop an end product specification for road foundations that incorporate unbound and hydraulically bound materials. This study has identified the primary functional requirements of road foundations as providing a construction platform and long-term support to the pavement. The individual test techniques and procedures to ensure compliance of road foundations at construction are described and justified with illustrative examples and then the main features of a proposed end product specification are outlined. The application of the main elements of the specification to prove a foundation of an in-service road is described. The current limitation of the specification applied during pavement construction to provide the client assurance of the quality of the foundation throughout its service life are outlined. Finally, the potential benefits for client and contractor of introducing an end product specification for road foundations are summarized